PSG has now won the season-opening cup on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck twice late to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the final moments to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.